Kua maha ngā tekau tau e whakaurua ana ngā mata keri kōhatu polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) me te PDC ki te mākete. I roto i tēnei wā roa, kua pāngia ngā mata keri kōhatu PDC me te mata keri kōhatu PDC e ngā raruraru maha i ō rātou tīmatanga, ā, kua tino whanake hoki. Āta haere, engari i te mutunga, ka whakakapia haeretia ngā mata keri kōhatu e ngā mata PDC me ngā whakapainga tonu o te mata keri kōhatu PDC, te pumau o ngā mata keri kōhatu, me te hanganga waipēhi o ngā mata keri kōhatu. Inaianei, neke atu i te 90% o ngā kiriata keri kōhatu katoa o te ao e nohoia ana e ngā mata keri kōhatu PDC.
I hangaia tuatahitia te mīhini tapahi PDC e General Electric (GE) i te tau 1971. Ko ngā mīhini tapahi PDC tuatahi mō te umanga hinu me te hau i hangaia i te tau 1973, ā, i muri i te toru tau o te whakamātautau me te whakamātautau mara, ka whakaurua mai ki te ao hokohoko i te tau 1976 i muri i te whakamātautanga he nui ake tōna whai huatanga i ngā mahi kuru o ngā mata pātene carbide.
I ngā wā o mua, ko te hanganga o te kaitapahi PDC penei: he pito porowhita carbide, (te whānui 8.38mm, te matotoru 2.8mm), me te paparanga taimana (te matotoru 0.5mm kāore he anga i runga i te mata). I taua wā, i reira anō he kaitapahi PDC "pūnaha putunga" a Compax. Ko te hanganga o tēnei kaitapahi penei: ko te hononga o te PDC compax ki te putunga carbide sima kia māmā ake ai te tāuta ki runga i te mata wiri tinana maitai, kia pai ake ai te hoahoa o te mata wiri.
I te tau 1973, i whakamatauria e GE tana mata PDC tuatahi i roto i tētahi puna i te rohe o King Ranch i te tonga o Texas. I te wā o te tukanga whakamātautau keri, i whakaarohia he raruraru horoi o te mata. E toru ngā niho i pakaru i te hononga i whakaparahia, ā, e rua atu ngā niho i pakaru tahi me te wāhanga tungsten carbide. I muri mai, i whakamatauria e te kamupene tētahi atu mata keri i te rohe o Hudson i Colorado. Kua whakapai ake tēnei mata keri i te hanganga waipēhi mō te raruraru horoi. Kua pai ake te mahi a te mata keri i roto i ngā hanganga onepū-shale me te tere keri tere. Engari he maha ngā rerekētanga mai i te ara poka kua whakaritea i te wā keri, ā, he iti noa te ngaronga o ngā kaitapahi PDC i puta mai i te hononga whakapara.
I te marama o Āperira 1974, i whakamatautauria te tuatoru o ngā mata keri i te rohe o San Juan i Utah, USA. Nā tēnei mata keri i whakapai ake te hanganga o ngā niho me te āhua o te mata keri. Nā te mata keri i whakakapi ngā mata kōne tinana rino i roto i te puna tata, engari i taka te pūwero, ā, i pakaru te mata keri. I taua wā, i whakaarohia i puta tata ki te mutunga o te keri mō tētahi hanganga mārō, he raruraru rānei i puta mai i te pūwero e taka ana.
Mai i te tau 1974 ki te tau 1976, i arotakehia e ngā kamupene mata keri me ngā kaipakihi ngā whakapainga maha o te taputapu tapahi PDC. He maha ngā raruraru o nāianei i arotahi ki te rangahau. I whakauruhia aua hua rangahau ki roto i ngā niho Stratapax PDC, i whakarewahia e GE i te Hakihea 1976.
Nā te panonitanga o te ingoa mai i Compax ki Stratapax i āwhina ki te whakakore i te rangirua i roto i te umanga mata moka i waenga i ngā mata me ngā mea hanga ki te tungsten carbide compacts, me te taimana Compax.
I waenganui o ngā tau 1990, ka tīmata te iwi ki te whakamahi whānui i te hangarau chamfering mō ngā niho tapahi PDC, ā, i te tau 1995 ka whakamahia te hangarau multi-chamfer i roto i te ahua o te patent. Mena ka whakamahia tika te hangarau chamfering, ka taea te whakanui ake i te ātete whati o ngā niho tapahi PDC mā te 100%.
I ngā tau 1980, i rangahauhia e te Kamupene GE (USA) me te Kamupene Sumitomo (Hapani) te tango i te cobalt mai i te mata mahi o ngā niho PDC hei whakapai ake i te mahi a ngā niho. Engari kāore i angitu i te taha arumoni. Nō muri mai ka whakawhanakehia anōtia tētahi hangarau, ā, ka patenthia e Hycalog（USA）. I whakamātauhia mēnā ka taea te tango i te rauemi whakarewa mai i te āputa witi, ka tino pai ake te pumau o te wera o ngā niho PDC kia pai ake ai te keri a te mata i roto i ngā hanganga pakari ake, me ngā hanganga koi. Ka whakapai ake tēnei hangarau tango cobalt i te ātete kakahu o ngā niho PDC i roto i ngā hanganga toka pakeke koi rawa, ā, ka whānui ake te whānuitanga o ngā tono o ngā mata PDC.
Mai i te tau 2000, kua tere te horapa o te whakamahinga o ngā mata PDC. Ko ngā hanganga kāore i taea te keri ki ngā mata PDC kua āta taea te keri i ngā mata PDC me te whai hua, ā, he pono hoki.
I te tau 2004, i roto i te umanga mata keri, ko te moni whiwhi mākete o ngā mata keri PDC e 50% te nui, ā, tata ki te 60% te tawhiti keri. Kei te haere tonu tēnei tipu tae noa ki tēnei rā. Tata ki ngā mea katoa e whakamahia ana i Amerika Te Raki he mata keri PDC.
I roto i ngā kupu poto, mai i tōna whakarewatanga i ngā tau 70 me te puhoi o te tipu i te tīmatanga, kua āta whakatairangahia e ngā kaitapahi PDC te whanaketanga tonu o te umanga mata keri mō te tūhuratanga me te keri hinu me te hau. He nui te pānga o te hangarau PDC ki te umanga keri.
Kei te ārahi tonu ngā tāngata hou ki te mākete o ngā niho tapahi PDC kounga teitei, me ngā kamupene wiri nui, i te whakahoutanga me te auahatanga o ngā rauemi auaha me ngā tukanga whakaputa kia taea ai te whakapai tonu i te mahi a ngā niho tapahi PDC me ngā mata wiri PDC.
Wā tuku: Paenga-whāwhā-07-2023